Archive for the ‘Attending Rounds’ Category

First, thanks to the great discussion.  Readers will learn as much from the discussion as they will from me.  To repeat the presentation:
The patient is an 81 year old man found with altered mental status.  He has known diabetes mellitus, hypertension, COPD and CHF, but has not taken any medications for the past year.

Electrolyte panel

Na
142
Cl
96
BUN
99

K
5.5
HCO3
21
creat
2.3

Blood [...]

We have a brilliant debate ongoing in the comment section of yesterday's problem.  I will refrain from commenting for 24 hours.  Please join the debate – then I will weigh in some time tomorrow.
I cannot answer every question about this patient, but I can answer some key questions.

The patient is an 81 year old man found with altered mental status.  He has known diabetes mellitus, hypertension, COPD and CHF, but has not taken any medications for the past year.

Electrolyte panel

Na
142
Cl
96
BUN
99

K
5.5
HCO3
21
creat
2.3

Blood Sugar
568

Alb 3.1
ABG on 4 liters nasal oxygen

ABG

pH
7.38

pCO2
29

pO2
133

HCO3
18

So please address these questions: 1. What is the acid-base disorder? 2.Provide a differential for the [...]

Pain control

5, Mar 2010

Over the past several weeks I have emphasized in-hospital pain control.  Regularly I find patients with "legitimate" pain who complain about their pain control.  The resident's default order for many years is (pick your opioid) q 3 or 4 hours p.r.n.
My palliative care colleagues have stressed that we should schedule pain control rather than provide [...]

The answers were great.  I knew that GERD rarely caused severe odynophagia.  Therefore I guessed that should would have Candida esophagitis – just playing the odds.
Her upper endoscopy the following day confirmed my hunch.

Odynophagia

26, Feb 2010

Took care of a young woman (with a 15 year h/o DM I) recently who presented with DKA.  We suspected that cocaine use had precipitated her DKA, but her Hgb A1c >10 also. 
On day 3 we were ready to d/c the patient.  She protested because her reflux was causing too much pain.  She told [...]

Set pieces on rounds 1

16, Feb 2010

This week I am rounding for 3 days.   Because at least one of my colleagues wanted to read how I used set pieces on rounds, I am planning to highlight some set pieces that I used for each day this week.
1. Pt. with COPD, s/p CABG and sterniotomy infection – admitted with increased dyspnea
Set piece [...]

 
Running ward-attending rounds has more in common with jazz than symphony. Patients do not follow a script. Admissions do not follow a script. The ward attending has multiple responsibilities each day.  These responsibilities include directing patient care, teaching, evaluating, and coaching learners to grow. We believe that we should combine directing [...]

I have several "chalk talks" that I give repeatedly.  One favorite is secondary prevention for cirrhotic patients.  I missed this article when it was first published, but fortunately a Pharm D colleague sent it me.  Carvedilol  likely trump propranolol.  Fortunately, carvedilol is now generic and a "$4 drug".  Study shows carvedilol is effective in preventing [...]

KevinMD has a great piece today – The balancing act between science and art is what makes medicine so challenging

In a recent piece in The Atlantic, Dr. Verghese again writes not to let technology obstruct patient care. Indeed, he observes that “I still find the best way to understand a hospitalized patient whose care I [...]

This month I celebrate 30 years of ward attending.  I estimate that I have done over 100 months of ward attending during this time.  I find ward attending energizing, enjoyable and rewarding.  I hope my learners agree.
Here are some things I have learned:

Ward attending rounds should be enjoyable.  They can only be enjoyable if the [...]

I left a couple of questions hanging prior to starting a vacation.  Two days of football watching, golf playing, wine drinking and great camaraderie will continue today and tomorrow.   This morning I did awaken early and go to the workout facility, continuing my exercise pattern.
When last I blogged, I posed a question about the circumstances [...]

David understood the problem.  Our patient had had bilateral above the knee amputations, causing his creatinine to drop precipitously.
I am a big fan of eGFR, but I do know the times when it does not work.  So today's question to ponder – when should you not use the GFR estimation equations.
Like all laboratory tests, we [...]

Very interesting teaching point occurred yesterday.  We have a patient with long standing diabetes mellitus and known CKD Stage III.  We admit him for increasing dyspnea – probably secondary to his COPD.  I notice that his creatinine had run around 2.5, but now was around 1.3.  These values had multiple repeats 6 months ago and [...]

Day 7 was a post call day – we had 6 new patients.  COPD exacerbations dominated our service.
We discussed 2 major issues

When to give antibiotics and which antibiotic to give
When to evaluate for pulmonary thromboembolism

For the first issue I recommend – Antibiotic Therapy in Elderly Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis

Several potential triggers for [...]

Not too bad, 9 admissions, but several were just overnight admissions.  I always am hyperfunctioning on Friday post call days.  We have to work hard, because many things are not available on the weekends.
Yesterday I posed a question about treating metabolic acidosis with bicarbonate.  I recommend this article – Bicarbonate Therapy in Severe Metabolic Acidosis
Here [...]

I ordered a renal consult for our patient, thinking that his kidney disease might be the cause of the anemia.  The renal team decided to try iron once again, and then consider a trial of erythropoeitin as an outpatient if he does not respond to iron.
I thought he might have significant diabetic renal disease, so [...]

Yesterday I provided this patient:
Interesting patient presented recently.  He is HIV+ and has a 10 day history of large volume watery diarrhea. On the 3rd day his BMP showed.  On admission his HCO3 was 19.

Electrolyte panel

Na
149
Cl
128
BUN
13

K
3.0
HCO3
12
creat
0.8

This is actually relatively easy.
1. What is the likely acid-base problem?
Given the large volume watery diarrhea, he likely has stool [...]

Back at the VA, I inherited 3 patients.  We are on call today (day 2), but given 3 patients I stretched rounds out for 100 minutes.
Internists can do that.  I dissected each patient, made multiple teaching points, and just had a blast.
I have a dilemma that I uncovered.
 
The patient is in his early 50s, has [...]

Interesting patient presented recently.  He is HIV+ and has a 10 day history of large volume watery diarrhea. On the 3rd day his BMP showed.  On admission his HCO3 was 19.

Electrolyte panel

Na
149
Cl
128
BUN
13

K
3.0
HCO3
12
creat
0.8

This is actually relatively easy.
1. What is the likely acid-base problem?
2. How can we prove our assumption?
3. How would you treat this patient?

A near miss

8, Dec 2009

Some time ago, I was making post call rounds.  The team presented a patient admitted from the oncology service.  He was in his 50s and had new chest pain.  He described the chest pain as substernal pressure with radiation down both arms.  He received relief from stretching against the wall.  The pains lasted around an [...]

55 yo man with SC disease and membranous nephritis.  He is taking an ACE inhibitor to decrease his urine protein and delay progression of renal disease.  We saw these labs

Electrolyte panel

Na
133
Cl
107
BUN
27

K
5.1
HCO3
19
creat
1.2

This was the last day of my tour at the VA.  So instead of making this a puzzle, I will tell you what we did.  [...]

Yesterday we focused on the oliguric patient.  I will provide the essence of that chalk talk.
For the purpose of this talk, we define oliguria as < 500 cc / day or 20 cc / hr

Always consider obstruction first.  Pass a urinary catheter.  If small amount of urine, remove it.  You still need to consider a [...]

 

Electrolyte panel

Na
132
Cl
85
BUN
73

K
2.8
HCO3
37
creat
2.8

Blood Sugar
205

Seeing this BMP yesterday showed the difference between knowledge and wisdom.  For experienced clinicians, the patterns in this BMP are obvious.  For many students and interns, we just have 7 numbers.
Here is how I think through this problem:

The patient has an elevated creatinine and BUN.
The BUN is much more elevated than the creatinine [...]

Day 11 involved discussing 5 new patients, and continuing plans on the remaining patients.
One patient brought out some important teaching points.  The patient is in his 70s and came in for weakness.  His routine labs made the diagnosis:
 

Electrolyte panel

Na
132
Cl
85
BUN
73

K
2.8
HCO3
37
creat
2.8

Blood Sugar
205

 
Two months ago his values were:
 

Electrolyte panel

Na
137
Cl
103
BUN
18

K
3.4
HCO3
27
creat
1

Blood Sugar
144

 
While I think this is an easy one, the [...]

I received this tweet:

Do you have any recommendations on how an MS3 should approach an attending to request something like your 2 hour commitment for ed

I actually do not have any recommendations.  Your have a classic problem that many students have.  Most attending physicians have a different conceptualization of their role than I have. 
I [...]

Relatively easy day – just the resident, 1 intern and me rounding on 6 patients.  We had an interesting acid-base puzzle.  The patient is in his 50s and has known hep C positivity (possible cirrhosis) and recent nephrotic syndrome.  How do you dissect information just from his electrolyte panel.  One other hint – his albumin [...]

Day #7 was a classic post-call day – we had 9 new patients.  Fortunately I had seen 2 patients on Day #6, which ameliorated the challenge.
Post-call rounds after busy days have a very different flavor than other rounds.  We have to work hard, make triage decisions about what to discuss and how much depth to [...]

Day 6 we admit again.  When I left yesterday we had 4 patients already.
Rounds yesterday focused mostly on teaching.  As an attending, I make a 2 hour commitment to my teams.  They get me for 2 hours and I get them for 2 hours, regardless. 
Yesterday we reviewed my favorite diabetes mneumonic – the FLECKS.  [...]

My team had a relatively easy Sunday call day.  On post call days, we spend 3 hours presenting new patients, discussing old patients and seeing all the patients.  I told me team on Sunday that I would use the entire time regardless.  With only 3 new patients, we had leisurely, and I hope educational, discussions [...]

Day 2 was easy.  We had 2 patients, and despite coming in the afternoon, we had no admissions at that point.
After spending 15 minutes getting to know my team – 2 students, 2 interns, and 1 resident (all guys) – we saw the existing patients and then went to the conference room to teach.  Because [...]