Understanding why

by rcentor on November 25, 2008

 

This weekend I received an interesting and somewhat disturbing compliment.  A very good resident told me that he enjoyed working with me because I consistently approached problems from an understanding of pathophysiology and explanations of why we do what we do.  He told me that too many attendings tell their trainees what to do, but not why.  I was obviously pleased with the compliment, but then I developed a concern about medical education.

As an educator I have always approached medicine through an understanding of pathophysiology.  One reason that I love electrolyte problems and acid base problems stems from an ability to correlate pathophysiology to the laboratory abnormalities.  When I consider my favorite talks, they all involve pathophysiology – treatment and diagnosis of heart failure, interpretation of liver tests, management of cirrhosis, and management of stage III CKD.

Why are other attendings not teaching at this level?  I should not be recognized for doing my job properly.

As I pondered this question for the past 48 hours, as usual I blame the bureaucrats.  In the old days (when I trained), attendings and residents did not have to write notes in a manner which satisfies bureaucratic rules.  Our notes focused on identifying problems, assessing those problems and then developing our daily plans.  Our current younger attendings have had to focus on documenting a physical examination each day (even when it is really unnecessary).  We have too many attendings who make rounds a tell the housestaff what to do, but omit the why.

Understanding why enables us to grow as physicians.  I still get excited when I hear a lecture that opens up my understanding of pathophysiology.

Trainees love to see how physicians think.  Our favorite conference is clinical problem solving, where attendings express out loud how they analyze the clues given to them.  This helps trainees through role modeling of the thought process.

How can we get back to focusing on why?  Or am I just an old codger with unrealistic expectations?

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{ 8 comments… read them below or add one }

Jared November 25, 2008 at 8:23 am

DB,

I do not know how to approach the why from a teaching standpoint. However, from my experience in the military, in the pharmaceutical industry, and in the nuclear industry–all bureaucratically regulated like the medical industry–I have found a dearth of people who appreciate the why questions. What is truly disheartening to me is when I ask why, or similar questions, I get labeled a seditious character.

As you can well understand, I am sure that the reasons for eschewing questions of why are numerous. However, when we are given the professional title of doctor, and afforded a professional privilege, I believe we should be masters of the philosophy, a PhD in pathophysiology, pharmacology, and procedures. But, even my classmates do not see their medical education as such. I do believe much of the forest has been lost for the trees.

But, I also believe that it ain’t like it used to be and never was. We should teach for understanding, not memorization. That’s where you get to be able to answer the why.

anonymous November 25, 2008 at 10:01 am

time time time
i believe you posted in the past you only do a few ward months a year. why not do more, especially if you can make a difference? aren’t there other people who can do what you do in the other months, since it seems clear that there are not other people available who can do the same justice to the teaching service?

janine November 25, 2008 at 10:24 am

I agree, why should you be recognized for doing your job right? It should be the “normal” expected thing to do right? WRONG. I’ve never seen such an epidemic of qualified fruitful docotors,lawyers, nurses and judges who go on to merely “instruct”. Instruction has become something to “get out of the way” to permit time to move on to the other things. That is why you were recognized. Because you actually took the time necessary to investigate, evaluate and understand your craft and talent. You’ve opted to actually teach for understanding and not for the chance to get a decorated lab coat. You have every right to feel the way you do, because it’s shocking, but not new. So much money spent on education, yet no one is being educated. That’s the reason why Mal-Practice lawsuits came into existence. Cheers-Janine S.D, CA

Paul November 25, 2008 at 11:39 am

We definately need to get back to asking why things work. I’m a chief resident at a fairly large internal medicine program and I agree with your statement that more and more residents are being told what to do… but again we need to ask the important question regarding this: Why?

Is it work-hour restrictions? Are we so tight on time that there just isn’t time for the residents to figure out a plan and understand why? I see a lot of attendings doing “work rounds” with the residents these days, mostly to save on time. When this happens, the residents are just told what to do… which I think makes for poor physicians.

Is it the documentation requirements? I hope not. The extra few minutes I might have to spend writing a few extra points in the ROS or exam every day just isn’t enough time to cause all of this. Maybe it’s the extra time everyone thinks it takes.

Is it that there is just a different breed of medical students and residents being brought into our system? Are we recruiting the wrong people into medicine?

I haven’t figured it out yet, but I think we need to figure out why this is happening.

Erik November 26, 2008 at 1:15 am

Too many attendings I worked with didn’t know why; or they couldn’t explain it.

To many residents I worked with didn’t care why – they already had their fellowship slots.

High quality patient care is time consuming, stressful and labor intense. It occurs when the pt needs the care and is hard to plan around conferences, constant pages, family meetinings and reems of paperwork.

It’s even harder to pull off if you’re supposed to be in the lab running gels…

Attendings who can explain the rationale behind the treatment are rare. Those who actually want to teach (as opposed to those being force to round with a team) are rare.

Those who tell their students to “prepare a talk on this topic for tomarrow” instead of answering a question are part of the problem, not part of the solution.

Dr. Bob (FP) November 26, 2008 at 1:24 pm

Good post. Like many other things, I think the key ingredient is time. It’s faster to just bark orders (or to just receive them) than to take the time to explain why (or to ask why). Some attendings are lazy and don’t take the time, some just don’t care, some don’t understand why themselves, some have too many other responsibilities. Sometimes the students/residents don’t want to take the time to find out why either. Like many other things, you also often get what you pay for. If you don’t pay for or reward good teaching, you may not get it.

Erik November 26, 2008 at 3:03 pm

There has been a change in medical education recently. Ten years ago the idea was “you get out of your education what you put in to it; nothing more.”

Now medical education is supposed to be a passive process where “the learner” simply absorbs information without participating in the patient care, the workup, teatment or discussion of the patient.

Perhaps that is why excellence in teaching is so rarely recognized or rewarded appropriately.

Devi Girsang November 26, 2008 at 7:49 pm

Great post DB! I always enjoy your wits on medicine and the health care system. Regarding your question, I’m totally sure your expectations are realistic. Probably the system, like you already mentioned, that makes doctors nowadays are too tired to examine pathophysiology thoroughly.

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