Levels of thinking

6 Aug
2004

Watching poker on television the other night, Daniel Negreanu talked about the levels of thinking in poker. At level 1 one plays ones own cards. At level 2 one starts to imagine why opponents are betting by trying to figure out their cards. This goes on to level 4 or 5 , when you are trying to figure out what the other player thinks you have and match that up with what you think the other player has.

So what does this have to do with medicine and spironalactone? Perhaps nothing, but allow me a few paragraphs to outline my thoughts about the levels of thinking in medicine.

  • Level 1 – spironalactone decreases mortality iCHF
  • Level 2 – spironalactone is only indicated for patients who have had class IV CHF within the past 6 months and who are know class III or IV
  • Level 3 – start spironalactone at 25 mg for CHF, only going to 50 mg if the patient remains symptomatic
  • Level 4 – spironalactone has side effects – gynecomastisa, hirsutism, and hyperkalemia
  • Level 5 – hyperkalemia or a serum creatinine > 2.5 are contraindications to using spironalactone
  • Level 6 – patients on spironalactone should have routine (frequent on initiation) laboratory testing – especially to check potassium levels
  • Level 7 – diabetic patients with early chronic kidney disease are particularly susceptible to hyperkalemia

Practicing excellent medicine requires time and thought. We need to reach level 7 in our thinking about using spironalactone for CHF. Getting to level 7 takes hard study, and time.

If we want excellent medicine, then we must give physicians time to think and learn the nuances of care. Almost every drug that we prescribe has a list like that one. I even left out the possibility of interactions from this list.

What kind of physician do you want? Do you want someone who functions at level 1 or level 7? What worth can we assign to level 7? When will everyone understand that level 7 requires appropriate compensation?

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26 Responses to Levels of thinking

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DB's Medical Rants » My top ten posts of 2004

January 1st, 2005 at 6:28 pm

[...] is self-explanatory. Remembrance A rant dedicated to a patient who died on our service. Levels of thinking My attempt to explain the nuances of medical decision making, usi [...]

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kmh

August 6th, 2004 at 7:22 am

time to think ?

why would you propose such a dangerous thing.

this would put at risk the incomes of tens of thousands trial and defense lawyers, the hundreds of thousands of employees whose support these professionals staffs and untold numbers of advertising firms who prepare billions of yellow pages advertisements every year to market these legal teams. also who wants to see the source of funding of med malpractice trial lawyers dry
up. who will pay for their lobbyists? who will pay for the homes galor of John Edwards and his cohorts?

..it is our willingness to work under rushed conditions and willingness to labor under 12 minute appointments and accept payments that do not compensate for all of our costs that is the generator of the “mistakes” that fund the multibillion dollar med mal industry. A lawyers best source of income is promoting the current “system” as it exists.
please do not rant about this again. it is much more productive to argue about political bandaids and banter with our legal colleagues.

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Dan

August 6th, 2004 at 7:33 am

This is interesting stuff. As a layman, I am in no position to distinguish between levels one and seven – I go to the doctor, and do what he tells me to do (except for that bit about weight loss ;-) ). I want a great doctor, but probably don’t need one 90% of the time.

But, at the GP or FP level, I wind up making the decision about who to go to, even though I have no real basis.

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kmh

August 6th, 2004 at 7:50 am

lets do a study!

lets have most legal decisions made in a 12 minute appointments. let the legal provider start at 7:15 am and finish at 7:30pm, unless he or she is on legal call and they will work or answer phone calls fo a continous 30 hours. also payments should be below costs and come 3 months after service rendered.

try this for one year.
then count the mistakes.

also now that med school applicants are now at historic lows , cognitive “mistake generators” are sure to firmly entrenched
in the profession for decades.
a true great thinker is evidently not choosing medicine. ( http://www.aamc.org )

also primary care providers who are usually at the front lines in these 12 minute encounters are dwindling

http://www.aafp.org/match hit graph number 5

let’s face it. our willingness to make complicated decisions in a sytem more suited to a fast food restauraunt is the source of errors.

even more puzzling is why doc’s put up with this .

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DrAnon

August 6th, 2004 at 8:44 am

“even more puzzling is why doc’s put up with this”

Hey, you got a solution? I’m all ears.

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kmh

August 6th, 2004 at 8:47 am

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kmh

August 6th, 2004 at 9:09 am

simple care received press on national bradcast networks and CNN about three months ago. this is where I learned of cash only practices.

it is not perfect.. but as costs of operating the business are so drastically reduced, doc’s actually earn more/hour.

other solutions exist..boutique medicine,
certain low risk endeavors,
or as med school admissions data indicates ..do something else.

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Bernie Simon

August 6th, 2004 at 9:47 pm

It is our willingness to work under rushed conditions and willingness to labor under 12 minute appointments and accept payments that do not compensate for all of our costs that is the generator of the “mistakes” that fund the multibillion dollar med mal industry.

Is it written somewhere in stone that doctors’ appointments can only be twelve minutes long? My doctor schedules me for one hour appointments. He actually listens to what I have to say instead of dashing out a prescription almost as soom as I sit down.

But he’s a naturopathic doctor, one of those alternative medicine types you consider kooks.

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Bernie Simon

August 6th, 2004 at 9:49 pm

OT Post of the day:

FDA supressed study showing that teens on anti-depressants were more likely to commit suicide.

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m

August 6th, 2004 at 10:09 pm

true enough naturopaths spend lots of time with their patients.

if they can help …they will flourish.

why do allopaths allow sign contracts with health insurers that underpay? I truly do not know why either.

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arf

August 7th, 2004 at 12:45 am

habla ingles Bernie?

The BMJ article did not say that the teenagers were “more likely to commit suicide”.

“Suicide-related event” is not the same as “suicide”.

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Obsr

August 7th, 2004 at 6:58 am

Has anyone else noticed how Bernie-”I don’t have a clue what I’m yappin about but Ive never let that stop me”-Simon never makes a meaningful contribution to the discussions, just posts two bit propaganda before retreating? Has he replied to ANYthing ARF posts?

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m

August 7th, 2004 at 7:36 am

i might be very wrong on this point, so at risk of sounding foolish…I think the lead off rant by Db makes an argument that physicians really are not “given” enough time (by way of poor rewards) to think carefully about what we do. Mr Simon points out that we can do things differently. Naturopathy does seem absurd, but so does submitting a 99213 office code, receiving 57 dollars for that service while the costs to provide that service is 52 dollars.

Naturopaths, trial lawyers, plumbers, electricians….don’t labor under these conditions…so why should we?

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chlorthalidone man

August 7th, 2004 at 9:51 am

This “Levels of thinking” thread really hits hard on a major problem in medicine. And no one is willing to admit it.

Medicine is just too complicated for the human brain alone.

End of story. Sure, you CAN practice at a lower level (we are now). But what is really required is extensive decision support tools. This will never happen until doctors chart electronically. And we all know how hard implementing this will be.

People may say “going digital” is a paradigm shift. Well, its more than that. It represents the only realistic hope of “going up a level” in thinking. The promise that digital medicine offers is incredible.

A side effect of having information electronic is that it will me MUCH easier to study what we do. Questions about efficacy of certain programs or drugs will be much easier to do.
We will probably find out stuff like counselling done right is better for depression than Paxil. Poverty causes depression, not just that depressed people are poor. Troubled families breed depression and crime. Or whatever you want to study.

It will also be easier to study and definitely prove that for-profit medicine is not “better run” care, it is a waste of money. We’ve already seen that for profit dialysis care is more expensive and has worse or maybe barely as good outcomes.

Wake up America. Medicine and profits don’t mix.

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nd

August 7th, 2004 at 11:43 am

above comments do describe the
“perfect storm” scenario

good medicine requires careful thoughtful action.

current health insurance schemes do not reimburse health care providers enough to “allow” for careful thinking. (hence this new rant thread)

skeptics loudly proclaim that
physicians are too blame.

employers don’t hire due to rising health care premiums.

trial and defense lawyers make a very good income just sitting on the sidelines watching this dysfunction continue, “cases” just plop on to their laps.

access to care is diminishing.

sound like physicians would do better to walk away from this whole mess and start anew.

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m

August 7th, 2004 at 1:13 pm

YES it is a perfect storm of condtions . Patients , employers and physicians are in the boat. Multimillion dollar salaried HMO CEO’s are the winds and the lawyers are…yep you guessed it..the sharks

I think physician’s fear of dropping contracts with third party payors.
I think it is THIS fear which really generates the forces which create the winds.

how many physicians would need to drop contracts with health insurance companies
to generate wide spread change of the current system.?

..probably 15 % of the total. in some communities the percentage might be less, in other slightly more.

if you think this idea isn’t being enacted please refer to

http://www.aapsonline.org

AAPS Doctors Tell Congress: “The Doctor is In, Even If Insurance Is Out”
Joint Economic Committee Hearing
April 28, 2004
AAPS Doctors Choose Payment at Time of Service
Affordable Care for Uninsured & Low-Income Patient

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m

August 7th, 2004 at 9:43 pm

very comforting to see doc’s
regaining control:

Joint Economic Committee of Congress
Testimony of

Robert S. Berry, M.D.
President & CEO of PATMOS EmergiClinic, Inc.
Greeneville, TN

April 28, 2004

Good morning. Thank you for inviting me to speak with you today.

My name is Dr. Robert Berry. I graduated from the University of North Carolina Medical School in 1989 and did my residency in Primary Care Internal Medicine at the University of Alabama Hospitals in Birmingham. I became board certified in Internal Medicine in 1992, scoring at the 99th percentile on the exam’s “core component” – a measure of competency in General Internal Medicine. Up until I started this clinic over three years ago, I practiced Internal Medicine for six months and Emergency Medicine for the balance. I became boarded in Emergency Medicine in 2003.

I represent a growing movement in cash only practices and the patients who use them. Yet our clinic is a little different in that we center medical services around the unique needs of the uninsured. They are the most cost effective healthcare consumers, and we all could learn something for them.

you can click
http://www.aapsonline.org and search the left column for the link entitled:
AAPS testifies before congress on cash based practices

also here is the ugly reality of a survey a few yeatrs ago….” shows that the average cost to a physician office to process a Medicare claim is more than $24, amounting to about $60,000 in annual costs to the average office. A 2003 survey revealed that physicians and their staff spend almost one-fourth (22%) of all of their time devoted to Medicare paperwork and compliance. Some of the other findings may also explain the movement to cash-based practices”

sounds like more than a few doc’s are re-doing their practices to allow time with patients.

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arf

August 8th, 2004 at 2:22 am

If you would like to see Dr. Berry’s Web site:

http://www.emergiclinic.com/

You will see a description of his practice, as well as a significant amount of writing and comment.

Sometimes you gotta stand back and shake your head over how it became such a “radical” concept for a doctor to expect cash payment for services rendered, and to decline any connection with any insurance scheme or government entitlement program.

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kmh

August 9th, 2004 at 7:21 am

another head shaker is seen in the huge and costly industry of medical billing.

As billing has become so complex there are thousands of consulting firms available at 30-50 dollars/hour to help doc’s navigate wasteful billing schemes demanded by insurance companies.
while we should be spending all our time in mastering medicine…we in fact spend a lot of our professional time listening and implementing the commands of these billing consultants.

our local medical society (out of necessity )reccommends that we frequently spend several hours/year attending expensive workshop seminars regarding coding/billing issues. (in order to keep our offices solvent)

again…to admit that we need more time to spend on clinical issues and less time on billing issues threatens the medical billing indusstry as well

to think that some doc’s don’t need expensive billing software licenses, consultants, billers, auditors and expensive “work flow” consultants is too radical.

too think that doctors are simplyfying their offices and going to cash only and as a result being allowed to spend more time wth patients is heresy to those who depend on our current wasteful sysytem.

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nd

August 9th, 2004 at 11:25 am

does any body know of any other websites or information sources about cash based practices?

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arf

August 9th, 2004 at 12:05 pm

http://www.simplecare.com

Dr. Berry’s Website, as I mentioned. He’s been the center article in the Wall Street Journal, he’s testified before Congress, incredible when you really think about it.

His “radical” idea is to provide primary care on a cash basis. Costs are lower, so he can charge lower, more affordable fees. For a REALLY radical concept, he posts them, so you know what you are spending.

For that, he gets the attention of the United States Congress.

Anyway, he may have more insight or direct you to other places.

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arf

August 9th, 2004 at 12:08 pm

By the way, the doc who set up SimpleCare…..the motivation to go 100% cash-based was bankruptcy. He couldn’t make a living in metro Seattle working with the HMO’s and government entitlement programs. So he went cash-only. He makes a living, not rich, but does OK by his reckoning, and is a ton happier overall because he doesn’t have to deal with the insurers. A whole bunch of the hassle associated with medical practice is associated with accepting payment from various insurers and government programs. Refuse their money, a whole bunch of rules fade away.

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nd

August 9th, 2004 at 4:53 pm

thanks, i find this very interesting and does make sense. I do question , however, in the age of “you’ll be hearing from my lawyer” that cash paying patients will try to avoid expensive imaging ( MRI, CT scan’s. etc..) in order to save money. As you know this does lead the physician open to a failure to diagnose suit.

any thoughts on this.?

sorry to wander off the original rant..but it seems if we make changes on how we practice and do spend more time with patients (via cash environment) and avoid the aldactone mishpap’s..we might later open ourselves to legal issues if we defer expensive work-ups (due to a patients ability to pay) we might regrets the cash only office.

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arf

August 9th, 2004 at 5:17 pm

Maybe too early to see the total effect of consumer-directed healthcare, and all the ramifications.

HOWEVER, I’ll stick my neck out, and speculate the “failure to diagnose” lawsuits will not be a major issue (as in: not any worse than it already is!)

The DOCTOR is not denying the test, the PATIENT is declining the test.

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m

August 9th, 2004 at 7:00 pm

i agree liability risk will not be worse than traditional setting.

I do use a standard form and after explaining to patients why I reccommend a test such as c-scope …if they refuse they sign the form. I do tell patients this is to cover my but. they sign readily.

I sense that cash paying patients will realize occasionally expensive tests will be suggessted and they are in the driver’s seat if the physician informs @ risks/benefits.

Recently National Public radio did a segment stating that the number of employers offering health insurance dropped a large amount in 2003.
I know of 4 cash only practices in our town of 100,000. they are busy and I foresee more demand for these practices as then rsanks of uninsured grow (now @ 44 million folks).

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kmh

August 9th, 2004 at 8:45 pm

DB asks ….What kind of physician do you want?

answer depends on who asks the question?

med mal lawyer: doc who has to rush.

defense lawyer: doc who is conscientious , but must be rushed

national health insurance CEO: doc’s who can make a healthy profit for the company

Billing administrator: doc’s who depend on payments from third party payors

beurocrat from Wash DC: doc’s who depend on government beauracracy to get paid.

Patients: Doc’s who are not rushed

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