The BMJ has this provocation comment today – Doctors are not scientists
Some doctors are scientists – just as some politicians are scientists – but most are not. As medical students they were filled full with information on biochemistry, anatomy, physiology, and other sciences, but information does not a scientist make – otherwise, you could become a scientist by watching the Discovery channel. A scientist is somebody who constantly questions, generates falsifiable hypotheses, and collects data from well designed experiments – the kind of people who brush their teeth on only one side of their mouth to see whether brushing your teeth has any benefit. Most doctors follow familiar patterns and rules, often improvising around those rules. In their methods of working they are more like jazz musicians than scientists.
Questioning whether doctors are scientists may seem outrageous, but most doctors know that they are not scientists. I once asked a room of perhaps 150 medically trained educators which of them thought of themselves as scientists. About five put up their hands.
If doctors are not scientists then it seems odd to supply them, as medical journals do, with a steady stream of original scientific studies. Teachers and social workers are not sent original research. Nurses are sent some, but are they simply aping the illogical ways of doctors?
The inevitable consequence is that most readers of medical journals don’t read the original articles. They may scan the abstract, but it’s the rarest of beasts who reads an article from beginning to end, critically appraising it as he or she goes. Indeed, most doctors are incapable of critically appraising an article. They have never been trained to do so.must accept the judgment of the editorial team and its peer reviewers – until one of the rare beasts writes in and points out that a study is scientifically nonsensical.
As a teacher of evidence based medicine, I believe the author exaggerates the problem. Most recent graduates are taught to critically appraise the literature. Practicing physicians seem much more interested in interpreting important clinical studies than the editorial suggests.
Nonetheless, we do need more than publishing important articles to influence practice. Medical educators have a responsibility to place articles into perspective. We need more than publication of data; we need discussion of articles. Perhaps the medical literature should generally emulate ACP Journal Club – a publication that reviews articles and places the findings into appropriate context.
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{ 6 comments… read them below or add one }
I love the BMJ. Good, thought-proviking writing……..and it’s free on the Internet.
DB, I hope you are recommending the site to your trainees.
But hey, my first thought on reading your post…….I can live with that charge.
I plead guilty.
Well, sort of.
Medicine is an art as well as a science.
From where I see it, the skill of understanding and evaluating science is neither taught nor learned well in medical school – I have to come here for that!
Except for those who choose research, either at the bedside bench or at the laboratory, most physicians are not trained to think or plan things like scientists. But that is not to say that most of those who go into practice do not have the requisite skills to critically evaluate the medical literature and the attendant clinical significance. Most ground-breakihg studies are usually peer-reviewed, with accompanying editorials from renowed experts who can give us further insights into a particular subject.
For those burdened by the demands of practice, with little time to read in contrast to when they were in traininhg as residents, it is probably true they depend more on clincial summaries and editorial comments than on in-depth reading of the entire articles. This is compounded by the fact that there are so many medical journals out there, all bidding for our attention.
Nevertheless, we don’t have to be “scientists to practice medicine well. There are so many ways to acquire important clinical information apart from reading medical journals, although I would not go so far to say that most of us are not capable of judging the contents of a journal article.
Even back in high school and college, we have had lessons in logic and other courses to
prepare us to think critically. I agree with DB the criticism being doled out here is exaggerated.
“Most recent graduates are taught to critically appraise the literature. Practicing physicians seem much more interested in interpreting important clinical studies than the editorial suggests.”
And then you treat them to a Pfizer lunch for “educational” rounds. Or is it indoctrination rounds ?
Doctors don’t (Can’t?) implement simply done guidelines. Let alone appraise the literature.
Doctors can be scientists, but not with paper records. Doctors get paid to see people not to undergo the scientific process. And doctors do what they get paid for.
Aint it about time to change how doctors are paid ? How about some results-oriented payment ?
Pay raise for the psychiatrists and huge pay cut for Dermatologists ? Sounds refreshing.
Silliness abounds!
Results-oriented payment? Great. I’ll be turning away all the overweight folks, all the diabetics, and all the smokers to buff up my numbers so i get paid more. Especially if I have to start buying my own meals!
It’s insulting to think that I can’t read a clinical study that demonstrates that treatment A works better than treatment B, and then decide if it’s relevant to my practice.
I read the original post and most of the comments in total disbelief.
Not a scientist?
Gee…after obtaining the equivalent of 2 PhD’s, I’m thinking…what do I have to do?
That’s right. Two.
I’ve always marveled at how someone with a PhD gets treated as if he had conquered the academic world and at the same time people piss on doctors like they were road kill.
Four years of medical school = 4 years of intense and voluminous learning punctuated (unlike most doctorate programs) by constant testing and assessment and culminating in a huge and comprehensive set of tests (at 2 and 4 years) which need to be passed (= The National Boards); that certainly is the equivalent of a PhD degree.
Oh, then one must use one’s achievements during that process to enter another period of post graduate training called internship and residency during which many of us subspecialized in an entirely new field of medicine, learing another immense body of literature, again puctuated by peer review, tutorship and, again culminating in several days of written and oral examinations (= subspecialty boards) encompassing everything one ever learned (seemingly since kindergarten) and grueling beyond any description.
To boot, forever thereafter we are subjected to ongoing application of continued medical education and recertifying examinations.
In addition, doctors must, in their official positions, strictly apply the laws of statistics and empirical reasoning while keeping up with relevant published literature in everything they do, every day. This is enforced in many ways via the mechanisms of peer review, state licensure oversight, and, not the least, by a tort system that demands perfection and points the cannons of penalty at infinity.
Not a scientist?
I know no one, no professional, no worker, no politician who needs to know more about the scientific method and its application on a daily basis than does a physician.
It’s because we apply our science to the mundane and to the day-to-day physicial travails of human beings that we suffer in the eyes of the scientific elite — and society in general — who infuse their mystique while under the cover of academics or the laboratory.
I, for one, am tired of it. It smells of envy, and physicians should stop being apologetic for what we were, and what we are.
We were the best students of our generation. We are the most functional and practical scientists in the world.