Can primary care survive?

by rcentor on April 19, 2004

The End of Primary Care

The very quality of primary care that made it so attractive is what led to its downfall. Legislators, insurance companies, even physicians themselves began to look for ways to harness the expertise of primary care doctors to expand care and limit cost. But no one seemed to recognize that the basis for these economies was the bond between patient and doctor. And without that trust, the economies of primary care were lost.

The initial and most serious blow came when H.M.O.’s persuaded primary care doctors that they should take on the role of gatekeeper. Research indicated that care provided by primary care physicians was more cost-effective than that delivered by specialists. From the insurance companies’ perspective, if these doctors were already curtailing costs by getting rid of unnecessary referrals and testing, then providing them with incentives to cut costs would make the savings even greater. What could be better?

The appeal of this system for doctors was more complicated, said Dr. Steve Schroeder, a self-proclaimed card-carrying generalist and the former head of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. It flattered primary care physicians by placing them right where they felt they should be: deciding the best, most cost-effective options for their patients. And directing them to a specialist, if need be. That was the theory.

So one can certainly lay some blame on the insurance companies for perverting the primary care concept. However, we must take blame ourselves. We did not think through the “unintended consequences” of the gatekeeper model.

Can we save primary care? Should we save primary care?

I believe that the answer to both questions is yes. Patients need generalist physicians. We need physicians who care for the entire patient. I suspect that most of our patients understand this.

Several movements bode well. Retainer medicine speaks to the concept loudly. While some argue that retainer medicine is just a money ploy, I would argue that some patients are willing to pay to have one intelligent caring physician available, knowledgeable and capable. Similarly, the cash only practice movement shows that patients will pay for good service.

Thus, I expect primary care to transform (albeit slowly and begrudgingly). The change will take time, because few adults embrace change. But the change will help our health care.

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{ 3 comments }

m April 19, 2004 at 10:40 pm

I do agree. Primary care has a solid foundation and has great demand. I also agree that the current environment works against the patient/doctor relationship in a way that no other professionals would allow.

While many lobby for legislative fixes, primary care practices struggle under poor reimbursements and increasing costs. Medical students by the THOUSANDS are avoiding primary care and it is this phenomena that IS igniting change of practice style across America.

I applaud any efforts that a physician devises to preserve the doctor/patient relationship. Hence the multitude of practices that are downssizing, dropping HMO’s, spending more time with patients , and doing what most other non medical professionals do. (set a fee, provide a high quality service and let the patient decide if they want the services)

perhaps if primary care physicians can create working environments that are more sustainable for the phsyician and patient, we might see in a few years a turn around from the US medical school trends.

I would much rather see an “end to the stifling climate” that current primary care practices labor under than an end to primary care. Unless current medical students see examples of sustaining primary care practices, they will continue to vote with their feet and avoid primary care.

RGL April 22, 2004 at 9:33 am

I have no doubt that managed care, among other things, is what has set back primary care the most.

My 11 years with an HMO can attest to that.
Although managed care trumpets its services
as being aimed at curbing costs while maintaining excellence, the incentives offerred are perverse, setting conflicts
of interest. The less you do for patients and the more money you make for the managed care company in the process, the more you reap benefits with bonuses, which does not necessarily translate into good patient care.

Primary care, in my judgment, is a professionally satisfying specialty. At least my 33 years’ experience again attests to that. But it is being threatened by forces from every direction, making the work involved less and less satisfying.

On the part of patients, access to medical care is getting increasingly difficult. The rise of concierge care and cash-only
practices, while still not widespread, may erode that accessibility further. We are not in a panic mode yet to take emergency measures, but the increasing disinclination among medical students to
consider primary care must raise enough alarm to rouse those in medical education and the government to take a more serious look into the situation.

Possible solutions include reshuffling specialty training to favor primary care,
modifyting fee schedules to make primary care services in line with those of sub-specialists, and outlawing perverse incentives prevalent in managed care. It’s going to be a Herculean task, but a health system not propped up on a foundation of primary care, no matter how advanced the technology, is bound to fail.

CHenry April 22, 2004 at 12:11 pm

Those who would want more and better primary care have to realize that this is going to take real money. All the assertions as to the satisfaction of the primary care practice aren’t going to be enough.

Funds for care have always been limited. All managed care did in the end is invite a third party into the transaction that kept a portion for itself and doled out the rest to the doctors, sometimes, as others have noted, with perverse incentives.

Graduates today have heavy debt loads. Medical practice demands long hours of clinical time along with the burdens of administrative, clerical and business responsibilities. Then there is the issue of liability, always present. Practices that offer relatively lower reimbursement for the time worked, along with demands to act as a “gatekeeper” for some insurance company, work that is often not compensated, are going to find competition for talent difficult.

I don’t see an easy answer. I also don’t think it is reasonable for an insurer to impose gatekeeping duties on providers while at the same time demanding discounts from empaneled physicians. If anything, that extra duty should come with a premium, not a discount. And forget about the holdbacks for those who uphold the company’s utilization objectives.

Nobody is going to fight this battle for doctors, they are going to have to do this for themselves. The first step is to dump the HMOs and other entities that have brought so much of the state of dissatisfaction to the primary care professionals.

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